ノーベル生理学・医学賞、「光遺伝学」の米独3氏に

Welcome to Japanese Daily News. I'm Maya. Today is October sixth. This evening: this year's Nobel Prize in medicine. Let's listen.

Now let's break it down.

This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine goes to three researchers from America and Germany.

It means researcher.

The Karolinska Institute in Sweden announced it on the fifth.

It means an announcement.

The winners include Professor Karl Deisseroth of Stanford University in America.

It means professor.

Germany's Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel will share the prize too.

It means receiving a prize.

The three created a technique called optogenetics, which uses light to control how cells work.

It means to operate or control.

Hegemann and Nagel found a protein inside algae that reacts to light.

It means a reaction.

Professor Deisseroth developed a way to put this protein into nerve cells in the brain.

It means development.

When you shine light on them, you can switch nerve cells on and off.

Here it means to shine light on something.

Thanks to this technique, scientists can now see how certain nerves are linked to behavior.

It means a relationship or connection.

Optogenetics is said to have greatly changed brain research.

It means the brain.

It is also hoped it can be used to treat eye diseases.

It means hope or expectation.

No Japanese scientist won this year, but research is active in Japan too, at places like the University of Tokyo.

It means active or thriving.

The award ceremony will be held on December tenth in Stockholm, Sweden.

It means an award ceremony.

Now the full story again.

Quiz time. Listen and answer.

Three researchers, from America and Germany.

Stanford University in America.

Inside algae.

You can switch them on and off.

Eye diseases.

On December tenth, in Stockholm.

That's all for this evening. Thanks for listening. See you next time.